Obviously, Jesus appealed to the Old Testament scriptures to condone his own usage of the words "son of God". That was the point of his argument. He equated his status as a son of God to the Pharisees' as being also sons of God like him. This is why Jesus is seen as dining with Pharisees and speaking face to face with them in a guest house and why he said to them, "The Kingdom of God is within you".
In other words, Jesus wanted people to know God like he did. This is why Jesus prayed. God does not pray to Himself.
If it is possible for you to explain God praying to Himself, I would like to know what that is and what that means. I can understand how a human can be in union with God but not how that human can be God and how there are intricacies of thought in that whole deal. Yet, why would Jesus tell other human beings that they can be one with God like he was if there exists an interpretation that says Jesus was God almighty that appears to refute that?
Irenaeus was the disciple of Polycarp who was the disciple of John who was the disciple of Jesus. Irenaeus said "God became man that man might become God". This is a 1st century apostle telling you that Jesus taught the idea of Theosis or deification. Certainly we can find this type of language in the Bible. But the problem is that Christians of very orthodox bent are making a trinity doctrine out of Jesus and they refuse to admit facts in historical theology and metaphysical realities by elevating Christ in ways he himself did not intend.
The Bible says that when the Jews heard that Jesus was making himself equal to God by calling himself the son of God and they picked up stones to stone him to death, this does not mean "The Jews understood Jesus made himself out to be God incarnate". Most people seem to miss that simple difference.
@Can't think of a name, do you know the other passages in which Jesus claims to be God? The solution is that the Father and Jesus have both fully divine status, but they have different roles. As a result, the second Person of God somehow limited himself to add a human nature to his deity. Check out these verses:
All of Jesus’ “I am” claims are metaphors, that is, figurative words that relate everyday things and people to spiritual reality. He said the following to claim that he is God with the Father and the Holy Spirit:
Joh 6:32 Jesus then said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread from heaven.
Joh 6:33 For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.”
Joh 6:34 They said to him, “Sir, give us this bread always.”
Joh 6:35 Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst.
Jhn_8:12 Again Jesus spoke to them, saying, “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.”
Jhn_10:9 I am the door. If anyone enters by me, he will be saved and will go in and out and find pasture.
Jhn_10:11 I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.
Jhn_10:14 I am the good shepherd. I know my own and my own know me,
Jhn_11:25 Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life. Whoever believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live,
Jhn_14:6 Jesus said to him, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.
Jhn_15:1 “I am the true vine, and my Father is the vinedresser.
Jhn_15:5 I am the vine; you are the branches. Whoever abides in me and I in him, he it is that bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing.
With these “I ams,” Jesus identifies himself with the God of Moses’ burning bush:
Exo 3:14 God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM.” And he said, “Say this to the people of Israel: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”
Exo 3:15 God also said to Moses, “Say this to the people of Israel: ‘The LORD, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is my name forever, and thus I am to be remembered throughout all generations.
And Jesus’ claim to be the good Shepherd says that he is King David’s divine Shepherd:
Psa 23:1 A Psalm of David. The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want.