IMO, it could be true that some races or genders are BY NATURE (via their DNA) better at some things than others. I realize this may disturb some liberals assumptions but denying reality doesn't change it.
But I suspect MOST of the time, it's more environmental and/or cultural. A 15 year old Japanese girl may score higher on a math test than a 15 year old girl from St. Kitts, but this is likely only because the Japanese has received more math education and PERHAPS because math is more valued in Japan than in St. Kitts?
Not to sound racist (um) but my wife use to be a public school teacher (elementary school). And she admitted that scores of Hispanic and African-American students TENDED as a group to be the lowest, White kids next, and students of Asian heritage at the top. GENERALLY (with lots of individual exceptions). BUT a comment is needed: Among the Hispanics, if language wasn't an issue at all, Hispanic kids fully fluent in English scored above the African - Americans and pretty much equal to the Whites but still below the Asians. I might add that when I was in grad school at the University of California, among students heading for a Ph.D., the Asians were presented in FAR, FAR greater numbers than their percentage of the population in California, the Whites in about the same percentage, Hispanics next, and African Americans in FAR less percentage than in the general California population. Do I personally believe this is because of "smarts?" Absolutely NOT. I'm 100% sure it has NOTHING to do with that.
HERE IS HER SPIN ON THIS: The VALUE and importance that the PARENTS give to education was also clearly cultural: Way at the top was Asian parents. Well under them was Whites and second generation Hispanics, and at the bottom was African Americans. You could see it in the parent/teacher conferences, in parental involvement with homework, in parental contact, etc. Again, generalizations.... ALWAYS striking exceptions, but the generally was obvious and undeniable. BTW. she also noted that PARENT'S attitude toward teachers varied culturally too (and not exactly as the above). Asian and Hispanic parents tended to regard teaching as a noble and important profession to be respected, whites and especially A/A not. There's a cultural aspect to that, too.
Education is a value. But one not equally embraced. There is a cultural aspect to this. And I personally suspect this plays a FAR better role than DNA (maybe even more than IQ).
My half-cent. With apologies for the obvious generalities.
- Josiah