What does the Bible say about "wine"? Are Christians to drink it?

[BluePrints]

What does the Bible say about "wine"?

A great resource, among several, that is available for free, is given here (other sources are also listed internally) - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Are Christians to drink it?​

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Is there only one kind of "wine" in scripture, or are there at least two kinds?​

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Is a Christian allowed to drink alcohol at all, even socially?​

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Does the Bible only warn against drunkenness, or does it have a much more deeper warning against an inherent nature of that which is intoxicating?​

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Does drinking alcohol carry any inherent dangers to specific groups of peoples (women, children, infants, unborn, first nations, &c.), and what are the effects of even the tiniest amounts upon the human machinery (system, body and mind)?​

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Are there any good examples of persons in scripture partaking of alcohol and not suffering some form of consequence? If not, what are the consequences experienced by those who did?​

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If it can be shown that a person who followed God, partook of alcohol, does this mean it was approved by God?​

As always, please feel free to comment, ask questions, participate in discussion, engage in prayerful bible study together! Take the time to follow scriptural counsel and read the material before entering into conversation, Pro. 18:13,17, and come to listen to what is being presented, as in Job, before speaking. There is no need to rush into anything when discussing such weighty matters. Better to ask clarifying questions, and listen to one another, and then go to the Bible together.

I will be glad to discuss these things with any others who would like to do so.

 

[Lamb]

Grapes ferment...it's what they do over time, and the process that our modern society has for making grape juice, wasn't around in biblical times. So when the bible talks of wine, it means that there is alcohol involved.

 

[Frankj]

There are two types of wine mentioned, new wine (grape juice) and old wine (fermented grape juice).

Besides the prohibition against drunkenness there are other factors to be considered when speaking of the use of wine: Waterborne diseases, particularly parasites, were a real problem during biblical times (there is archeological confirmation of this if you want to look it up) and the alcohol of fermented wine helped alleviate this which would probably have made its use diluted in water a widespread practice. There is also reference to wine being used recreationally in celebrations such as weddings where Jesus is specifically noted for turning water into wine for the continuation of the wedding celebration.

The prohibition of the use of wine -alcohol- is only for drunkenness, not for beverage or social use without becoming drunk.

For a Christians in today's world I would think the circumstances of consuming moderate amounts of alcohol would be more important than the alcohol itself, Drinking lightly or moderately at a wedding or meal is a very different thing than drinking excessively at a bar or strip club to remove your inhibitions in partaking in sinful indulgences.

A note: If you regularly find yourself drinking more than you intended or getting yourself in the position of trouble in your relations with others when you drink you might be better off not drinking at all. In today's world there is more to be lost from drinking than there is to be gained, as is frequently demonstrated in the daily news.

Drinking itself isn't a sin, but it can certainly lead to it. The Devil knows this, and he is very crafty in how he uses this knowledge.

 

[BluePrints]

Grapes ferment...it's what they do over time, and the process that our modern society has for making grape juice, wasn't around in biblical times. So when the bible talks of wine, it means that there is alcohol involved.

Grapes do indeed ferment over time, under various conditions (not in question, as the provided in the linked material in the original OP), but, there was indeed many preservation methods around during the "biblical times" irrespective of the commonly mistaken notions that there were not. Not only does the Bible mention some, but there are historical non-scriptural sources that also mention them as well.

Have you considered the linked material for the discussion, as per Pro, 18:13,17?

When the Bible "talks of wine" it does not always mean "alcohol is involved" as the OP linked material demonstrates with page after page of comparisons. The incorrect assumption (of the response, and common among many), irrespective of the Biblical texts provided, means that the conclusion will also be incorrect and not represented by the scriptural evidences.

As for instance, see (beginning on) page 10 about the differences in the "wines" that the Bible mentions - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Many types of preservation methods were known, as for instance, on page 48 - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Marci Catonis; De Agri Cultura; Capitula CIV‑CXXV; CXX:​

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[Latin] “... 120 Mustum si voles totum annum habere, in amphoram mustum indito et corticem oppicato, demittito in piscinam. Post dies XXX eximito. Totum annum mustum erit. ...” - LacusCurtius • Cato — de Agri Cultura, Capitula CIV‑CXXV​

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Marcus Cato on Agriculture, 120:​

​

[English] “... 120 1 If you wish to keep grape juice through the whole year, put the grape juice in an amphora, seal the stopper with pitch, and sink in the pond. Take it out after thirty days; it will remain sweet the whole year. ...” - LacusCurtius • Cato On Agriculture — Sections 104‑125​

The Israelites, Hebrews / Jews also had their own preservation methods, and had great storage warehouses full of the juice of the harvest, and would unseal it for their feasts. No alcohol / fermentation involved.

"... [page 75] would store the grapes as a sort of crushed pulp in preserving barrels / jars (existing in “wine cellars” – 1 Chr. 27:27 KJB; “store ... of wine” – 2 Chr. 11:11; Neh. 5:18; “storehouses also for ... wine” – 2 Chr. 32:28 KJB; “great chamber ... the new wine” – Neh. 13:5 KJB; “treasuries” – Neh. 13:12 KJB; “baths of wine” – 2 Chr. 2:10 KJB; and in carrying “bottles” – Job 32:19; Mat. 9:17; Mar. 2:22; Luk. 5:37-38 KJB), covered with pitch, sealed with salt, in a cool place (even snow and ice existed, [and or buried in a cool place, cave]), etc., and when needed would open them, and mix such with water to re-constitute them into a ‘grape juice (wine)’, which could ferment or sour after a time exposed. ..." - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive​

There other historical methods using salt, pitch, cold storage (buried, water, etc.).

The notion that there were no preservation methods is an historical myth.

 

[BluePrints]

The prohibition of the use of wine -alcohol- is only for drunkenness, not for beverage or social use without becoming drunk.

This is incorrect (in part).

The linked material, at the beginning, demonstrates the error of that response. While drunkenness is condemned (obviously), that is not the only part of partaking of alcohol that is condemned. As for instance:

"... [Introduction] Is all wine in the Bible sanctified to partake and drink of? Is every mention of the word “wine” blessed and invigorating, or is there a real dichotomy, where some is cursed and intoxicating instead? Is it the very inherent nature that is the seeming reason, or is it simply a matter of how much one imbibes?​

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Psalms 104:15 KJB - And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man’s heart.​

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Proverbs 20:1 KJB - Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. ..." - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive​

"... [Page 14] All know that consuming the fresh invigorating juice of the grape (grape juice) is perfectly healthy and allowed of God under most normal circumstances (there were exceptions such as those under Nazarite vows), but the real question remains, ‘Is drinking alcoholic “wine”, even a little, condoned by God in the Bible (KJB), or by the Bible itself?’ Is it sinful, leading to sinful results? What does Solomon (the Holy Spirit inspired prince of peace) the wisest man (other than Jesus Christ, the real Prince of Peace; Isa. 9:6 KJB) in the Bible write?​

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Proverbs 20:1 KJB - Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.​

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Does the text just provided say anything about amount? Or rather, does it specifically address the very nature of the “wine” in its sentence?​

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[1] “Wine” (of Pro. 20:1 KJB) = (“a”) “mocker”​

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[2] “strong drink” = “raging”​

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[3] “whosoever is deceived” (by the “wine” and “strong drink”) = (“thereby is”) “not wise”​

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The “wine” that Pro. 20:1 KJB speaks of, is not of the pure juice of the grape of God, but a corruption thereof, which could “deceive”. The text speaks to the very nature, and not amount, of alcohol. The essence and personality of the intoxicant is one of deception, foolishness, mockery and raging. ..." - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive​

 

[Frankj]

This is incorrect (in part).

The linked material, at the beginning, demonstrates the error of that response. While drunkenness is condemned (obviously), that is not the only part of partaking of alcohol that is condemned. As for instance:

"... [Introduction] Is all wine in the Bible sanctified to partake and drink of? Is every mention of the word “wine” blessed and invigorating, or is there a real dichotomy, where some is cursed and intoxicating instead? Is it the very inherent nature that is the seeming reason, or is it simply a matter of how much one imbibes?​

​

Psalms 104:15 KJB - And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man’s heart.​

​

Proverbs 20:1 KJB - Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. ..." - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive​

"... [Page 14] All know that consuming the fresh invigorating juice of the grape (grape juice) is perfectly healthy and allowed of God under most normal circumstances (there were exceptions such as those under Nazarite vows), but the real question remains, ‘Is drinking alcoholic “wine”, even a little, condoned by God in the Bible (KJB), or by the Bible itself?’ Is it sinful, leading to sinful results? What does Solomon (the Holy Spirit inspired prince of peace) the wisest man (other than Jesus Christ, the real Prince of Peace; Isa. 9:6 KJB) in the Bible write?​

​

Proverbs 20:1 KJB - Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.​

​

Does the text just provided say anything about amount? Or rather, does it specifically address the very nature of the “wine” in its sentence?​

​

[1] “Wine” (of Pro. 20:1 KJB) = (“a”) “mocker”​

​

[2] “strong drink” = “raging”​

​

[3] “whosoever is deceived” (by the “wine” and “strong drink”) = (“thereby is”) “not wise”​

​

The “wine” that Pro. 20:1 KJB speaks of, is not of the pure juice of the grape of God, but a corruption thereof, which could “deceive”. The text speaks to the very nature, and not amount, of alcohol. The essence and personality of the intoxicant is one of deception, foolishness, mockery and raging. ..." - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive​

So what was the wine Jesus and the apostles drank at the last supper, or the wine Jesus made at the wedding when the host ran out, common wine as was in use everywhere in Judea or something special that was somehow not a commonly used alcoholic beverage?

 

[BluePrints]

So what was the wine Jesus and the apostles drank at the last supper, or the wine Jesus made at the wedding when the host ran out, common wine as was in use everywhere in Judea or something special that was somehow not a commonly used alcoholic beverage?

The "fruit of the vine", "του γεννηματος της αμπελου", "tou gennematos tes ampelou" (Mat. 26:29; Mar. 14:25; Luk. 22:18), or the fresh juice of the grape, was used at 'the last supper' (not alcoholic inebriation), because it is directly connected to the Passover feast (Lev. 23:4-5) and the Lord's "table" (the Golden table of the sanctuary on the sides of the North, on which was the shewbread (no leaven), and cups in which was the fresh fruit of the vine (pure, no leaven, no fermentation), representing the purity of the life and doctrine of Christ Jesus, which allowed no "leaven" (no fermentation whatsoever), and was addressed on pages 50-52 of the OP linked material - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

"... Jesus & the Disciples at the Last Supper (4 Gospels; Jhn. 6; 1 Cor. 10-11 KJB):​

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Matthew 26:29 KJB - But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom.​

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Mark 14:25 KJB - Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine, until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God.​

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Luke 22:18 KJB - For I say unto you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come.​

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John 6:53 KJB - Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you.​

John 6:54 KJB - Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day.​

John 6:55 KJB - For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed.​

John 6:56 KJB - He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, and I in him.​

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1 Corinthians 10:16 KJB - The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?​

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1 Corinthians 10:21 KJB - Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord’s table, and of the table of devils.​

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1 Corinthians 10:31 KJB - Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God.​

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1 Corinthians 11:25 KJB - After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.​

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1 Corinthians 11:26 KJB - For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.​

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1 Corinthians 11:27 KJB - Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.​

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1 Corinthians 11:28 KJB - But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup.​

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1 Corinthians 11:29 KJB - For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body.​

At the Last supper, Jesus specifically uses the words “fruit of the vine” (Mat. 26:29; Mar. 14:25; Luk. 22:18 KJB), and not once the word “wine”, so that no one would be confused. The Last supper takes place at the time of Passover, in which the bread and drink of the cup (not fermented, but “pure”; 1 Jhn. 3:3 KJB) were to all be “unleavened”, and without fermentation (Exo. 12:3-20,34,39; 13:3-7; 23:18; 34:18,24-25; Lev. 2:11; 6:14-17; 10:12; 23:5-6; Num. 9:11; 28:17; Deu. 16:1-8; 2 Chr. 8:13; 35:17; Ezr. 6:20; Eze. 45:21; Act. 12:3; 20:6; 1 Cor. 5:7-8 KJB), for even a “little leaven, leaveneth the whole” (1 Cor. 5:6; Gal. 5:9 KJB). This was the symbol of the “new” (Mat. 26:28; Mar. 14:24; Luk. 22:20; 1 Cor. 11:20; 2 Cor. 3:6; Heb. 9:15; Jer. 31:31; Heb. 8:8,13, 12:24 KJB) testament, and Jesus, the “undefiled” (Heb. 7:26 KJB), would no longer drink of that “fruit” until He drank it “new” (Mat. 26:29; Mar. 14:25 KJB) in the eternal Kingdom (Isa. 65:21-22; Rev. 21:27 KJB). Jesus is the “true vine” (Jhn. 15:1,5 KJB).​

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Paul also calls the cup, “the cup of blessing” (1 Cor. 10:16 KJB), and the “blessing” is not in fermentation, but in the “pure blood of the grape” (Deu. 32:14 KJB), as Isaiah the prophet said by inspiration of the Holy Spirit, “Thus saith the LORD, As the new wine is found in the cluster, and one saith, Destroy it not; for a blessing is in it: so will I do for my servants’ sakes, that I may not destroy them all.” (Isa. 65:8 KJB). It is also called “the cup of salvation” in Psa. 116:13 KJB. The Bible says, “Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord’s table, and of the table of devils.” (1 Cor. 10:21 KJB) and in Babylon’s cup, is “abomination” and “filthiness” (Jer. 51:7; Rev. 17:4 KJB), just as Belial’s cup has fermentation, inebriation (Deu. 13:13; Jdg. 19:22, 20:13; 1 Sam. 1:14-16, 2:12, 10:27, 25:25, 30:22; 2 Sam. 23:6; 1 Kin. 21:10,13; 2 Chr. 13:7; 2 Cor. 6:15 KJB).​

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The fresh grape juice, the “fruit of the vine”, is “sweet” (Isa. 5:20-23 KJB), and represents the pure, undefiled life and strength (Joe. 2:22; Rom. 5:6; 1 Cor. 1:24; Rev. 12:10 KJB) of Jesus Christ, the living life & doctrine, example of representative of God the Father, the husbandman (Jhn. 15:1; 2 Tim. 2:6; Jam. 5:7 KJB), as it is written, “O taste and see that the LORD is good: blessed is the man that trusteth in him.” (Psa. 34:8 KJB)​

..."​

As for the Wedding feast, that is addressed on pages 42 (bottom)-47 - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

A wedding is for life, blessing, joy and celebration from the fruit of the vine, not death, intoxication (cursing), woe and inebriation of alcohol.

The entire event points to the wedding of Jesus Christ with His own bride (peoples) in the newness of everlasting life. Please consider the pages pointed to, so that I do not have to copy them here. Thank you.

There was the stored / preserved fruit of the vine (aka "wine"), that was used first, and when they had run out, Jesus presented the fresh juice, as if from right out of harvest (the new), He being the true Vine, who would give His life and later be "crushed". Alcohol (which was symbolically associated with death, destruction, cursing and woe) was not used for their weddings. Jesus would never represent His own blood, as intoxicating, fermented.

 

[Frankj]

So the Last Supper was during the harvest season of the grapes?

 

[Lamb]

Grapes do indeed ferment over time, under various conditions (not in question, as the provided in the linked material in the original OP), but, there was indeed many preservation methods around during the "biblical times" irrespective of the commonly mistaken notions that there were not. Not only does the Bible mention some, but there are historical non-scriptural sources that also mention them as well.

Have you considered the linked material for the discussion, as per Pro, 18:13,17?

When the Bible "talks of wine" it does not always mean "alcohol is involved" as the OP linked material demonstrates with page after page of comparisons. The incorrect assumption (of the response, and common among many), irrespective of the Biblical texts provided, means that the conclusion will also be incorrect and not represented by the scriptural evidences.

As for instance, see (beginning on) page 10 about the differences in the "wines" that the Bible mentions - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Many types of preservation methods were known, as for instance, on page 48 - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Marci Catonis; De Agri Cultura; Capitula CIV‑CXXV; CXX:​

​

[Latin] “... 120 Mustum si voles totum annum habere, in amphoram mustum indito et corticem oppicato, demittito in piscinam. Post dies XXX eximito. Totum annum mustum erit. ...” - LacusCurtius • Cato — de Agri Cultura, Capitula CIV‑CXXV​

​

Marcus Cato on Agriculture, 120:​

​

[English] “... 120 1 If you wish to keep grape juice through the whole year, put the grape juice in an amphora, seal the stopper with pitch, and sink in the pond. Take it out after thirty days; it will remain sweet the whole year. ...” - LacusCurtius • Cato On Agriculture — Sections 104‑125​

The Israelites, Hebrews / Jews also had their own preservation methods, and had great storage warehouses full of the juice of the harvest, and would unseal it for their feasts. No alcohol / fermentation involved.

"... [page 75] would store the grapes as a sort of crushed pulp in preserving barrels / jars (existing in “wine cellars” – 1 Chr. 27:27 KJB; “store ... of wine” – 2 Chr. 11:11; Neh. 5:18; “storehouses also for ... wine” – 2 Chr. 32:28 KJB; “great chamber ... the new wine” – Neh. 13:5 KJB; “treasuries” – Neh. 13:12 KJB; “baths of wine” – 2 Chr. 2:10 KJB; and in carrying “bottles” – Job 32:19; Mat. 9:17; Mar. 2:22; Luk. 5:37-38 KJB), covered with pitch, sealed with salt, in a cool place (even snow and ice existed, [and or buried in a cool place, cave]), etc., and when needed would open them, and mix such with water to re-constitute them into a ‘grape juice (wine)’, which could ferment or sour after a time exposed. ..." - The Two Wines - The Blessed & The Cursed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive​

There other historical methods using salt, pitch, cold storage (buried, water, etc.).

The notion that there were no preservation methods is an historical myth.

I disagree. There was no refrigeration and thus, it was wine, not grape juice. Grape juice wasn't an invention until later on in modern history.

 

[BluePrints]

So the Last Supper was during the harvest season of the grapes?

Passover is during the Spring Season (April / May) in the first month (Abib / Nisan) of the scriptural year, utilizing the scriptural calendar in comparison to the modern Gregorian (Roman) system of calendation.

The harvest of grapes is generally understood to be in the late Summer (July-ish) through the Fall (October-ish), and follows after the Barely / Wheat harvests and Olive harvests that came before it:

Deu 24:19 When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands.​

Deu 24:20 When thou beatest thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.​

Deu 24:21 When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean it afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.​

Num 13:17 And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto them, Get you up this way southward, and go up into the mountain:​

Num 13:20 And what the land is, whether it be fat or lean, whether there be wood therein, or not. And be ye of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the land. Now the time was the time of the firstripe grapes.​

Num 13:23 And they came unto the brook of Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bare it between two upon a staff; and they brought of the pomegranates, and of the figs.​

Num 13:24 The place was called the brook Eshcol, because of the cluster of grapes which the children of Israel cut down from thence.​

Num 13:25 And they returned from searching of the land after forty days.​

Num 13:26 And they went and came to Moses, and to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the children of Israel, unto the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh; and brought back word unto them, and unto all the congregation, and shewed them the fruit of the land.​

Num 13:27 And they told him, and said, We came unto the land whither thou sentest us, and surely it floweth with milk and honey; and this is the fruit of it.​

So, according to the timing of the Exodus, they left Egypt during the period (timing) of the 1st month Abib / Nisan (later called), on the 14th day:

Exo_12:2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.​

Exo_12:6 And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.​

Exo_12:18 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.​

Exodus 34:18 KJB - The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep. Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, in the time of the month Abib: for in the month Abib thou camest out from Egypt.​

Lev_23:5 In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD'S passover.​

They, then spent several weeks to get to Mt. Sinai (at the time of Pentecost, or about 5 days into the 3rd month of scripture, Sivan), and then some more time travelling from there, to get to the borders of Canaan (weeks / months) and then spent some time (40 days) in the land itself, bringing back a large cluster of harvested grapes.

So, the Passover grapes were harvested in the previous months to its celebration, and stored ( - What does the Bible say about "wine"? Are Christians to drink it? ) until they were brought out and utilized in the Passover feast. It is amazing to see people (in general, not yourself personally) think that God had not given knowledge to the Hebrews / Israelites / Jews on this subject, when it was God who had given the regulations for their feasts to begin with, and for the use of such in the sanctuary services, when it is also God who preserves His words (Psa. 12:6-7), Jesus Christ's own body in the tomb / buried (Psa. 16:10, 49:9; Act. 2:27,31, 13:35,37), and His people (Gen. 32:30; Job 29:2; Psa. 37:28; 2 Pet. 1:4; &c.).

The items for use in the Passover are clearly given (no leaven, no fermentation allowed), and the terms used by the NT, from Jesus' own mouth "fruit of the vine", upon the "Lord's table" (by Paul), all describe a juice of the grape without inebriation involved (no alcohol).

A listing of the months, and their scriptures are provided:

"... [Page 434] [01] The First month: Gen. 8:13; Exo. 12:2,18, 40:2,17; Lev. 23:5; Num. 9:1,5, 20:1, 28:16, 33:3; Jos. 4:19; 1 Chr. 12:15, 27:2,3; 2 Chr. 29:3,17, 35:1; Ezr. 6:19, 7:9, 8:31, 10:17; Est. 3:7,12; Eze. 29:17, 30:20, 45:18,21; Dan. 10:4; Joe. 2:23 KJB. It is the beginning of the months: Exo. 12:2,3,6,11,18 KJB. It is called “Abib”, from Exo. 13:4, 23:15, 34:18; Deu. 16:1 KJB; and also called “Nisan”: Neh. 2:1; Est. 3:7 KJB after the Babylonian captivity.​

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[02] The Second month: Gen. 7:11, 8:14; Exo. 16:1; Num. 1:1,18, 9:11, 10:11; 1 Kin. 6:1; 1 Chr. 27:4; 2 Chr. 3:2, 30:2,13,15; Ezr. 3:8 KJB. It is called “Zif”: 1 Kin. 6:1,37 KJB.​

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[03] The Third month: Exo. 19:1; 1 Chr. 27:5; 2 Chr. 15:10, 31:7; Est. 8:9; Eze. 31:1 KJB. It is called “Sivan”: Est. 8:9 KJB.​

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[04] The Fourth month: 2 Kin. 25:3; 1 Chr. 27:7; Jer. 39:2, 52:6; Eze. 1:1; Zec. 8:19 KJB. The scriptures do not name the 4th month directly, but it is known historically as “Tammuz” after the Babylonian captivity.​

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[05] The Fifth month: Num. 33:38; 2 Kin. 25:8; 1 Chr. 27:8; Ezr. 7:8,9; Jer. 1:3, 28:1, 52:12; Eze. 20:1; Zec. 7:2 KJB. The scriptures do not name the 5th month directly, but it is known historically as “Av”.​

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[06] The Sixth month: 1 Chr. 27:9; Eze. 8:1; Hag. 1:1,15 KJB. It is called “Elul”: Neh. 6:15 KJB.​

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[07] The Seventh month: Gen. 8:4; Lev. 16:29, 23:24,27,34,39,41, 25:9; Num. 29:1,7,12; 1 Kin. 8:2; 2 Kin. 25:25; 1 Chr. 27:10; 2 Chr. 5:3, 7:10, 31:7; Ezr. 3:1,6; Neh. 7:73, 8:2,14; Jer. 28:17, 41:1; Eze. 45:25; Hag. 2:1; Zec. 7:5 KJB. In scripture this 7th month was called “Ethanim”: 1 Kin. 8:2 KJB, but today many call it “Tishrei / Tishri”.​

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[08] The Eighth month: 1 Kin. 6:38, 12:32,33; 1 Chr. 27:11; Zec. 1:1 KJB. In scripture this 8th month was called “Bul”: 1 Kin. 6:38 KJB, but today many call it “Marcheshvan / Cheshvan”.​

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[09] The Ninth month: 1 Chr. 27:12; Ezr. 10:9; Jer. 36:9, 36:22; Hag. 2:10,18; Zec. 7:1 KJB. In scripture this 9th month was called “Chisleu”: Neh. 1:1; Zec. 7:1 KJB, as it is still called today, “Chislev / Kislev”.​

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[10] The Tenth month: Gen. 8:5; 2 Kin. 25:1; 1 Chr. 27:13; Ezr. 10:16; Est. 2:16; Jer. 39:1, 52:4; Eze. 24:1, 29:1, 33:21 KJB. In scripture this 10th month was called “Tebeth”: Est. 2:16 KJB, as it is still called today, “Tevet”.​

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[11] The Eleventh month: Deu. 1:3; 1 Chr. 27:14; Zec. 1:7 KJB. In scripture this 11th month was called “Sebat”: Zec. 1:7 KJB, as it is still called today, “Shevat / Shvat”.​

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[12] The Twelfth month: 2 Kin. 25:27; 1 Chr. 27:15; Est. 3:7,13, 8:12, 9:1; Jer. 52:31; Eze. 32:1 KJB. In scripture this 12th month was called “Adar”: Ezr. 6:15; Est. 3:7,13, 8:12, 9:1,15,17,19,21 KJB, as it is still called to this day. ..." - The 7th Day The Sabbath - The Rest Of His Eternal Story (by Aaron Earnest) : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive​

 

[BluePrints]

I disagree. There was no refrigeration and thus, it was wine, not grape juice. Grape juice wasn't an invention until later on in modern history.

You are, of course, free to "disagree". That is the entire point of this discussion, and I am not here to 'hold a gun' to anyone's head / mind to make them agree. What would be the point of such an action, for a Mind forced against its will is of the same opinion still.

Again, "refrigeration" is not the only means by which something is preserved. The Greeks, as well as the Hebrews, had multiple methods for cooling and storage as just provided to you (and all) in the previous response - What does the Bible say about "wine"? Are Christians to drink it?

As for instance, see:
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Others use a ceramics (clay jars, pots, &c.) method, as for instance:
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As stated, other methods used sealing (salt, pitch, dried (and reconstituted) &c.) and burial in cool stone underground warehouses / storage.

Businesses like Welches' are not the first to make preserved grape juice. Preserved grape juice does not even need refrigeration.

The linked material provided several sources on this. Even a simple Google search will yield results on this topic, as for instance:

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"... Kangina (Gangina): An Afghan method that uses clay-rich mud and straw. Fresh grape clusters are sealed inside two sculpted mud bowls and left to dry in the sun. Stored in cellars or underground, the airtight chambers maintain stable humidity and prevent pests, keeping grapes fresh for up to six months. ..." - Kangina - Wikipedia​

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As for Ice in the desert, and storage, remember that Solomon traded with the whole known world:​

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