I believe that the action of baptism does not clothe us in Christ's righteousness, but that it is only our public response showing our trust in Jesus. I say this because I have been baptized three times, but in none of them did I become righteous in Jesus because of the water.
I was christened in the name of the Trinity as an infant, was immersed at 12 to become a church member, became a believer at 16 without baptism, and was immersed at the age of 80 to become a member of another church, which believes in believers' baptism. The last baptism was my celebration of many decades of faith in the Triune God.
There is one baptism and it's God's work within us (water and the word):
Galatians 3:27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.
What is your understanding of "While Apollos was at Corinth, Paul passed through the interior and came to Ephesus. There he found some disciples and asked them, 'Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you became believers?' 'No,' they answered, 'we have not even heard that there is a Holy Spirit.' So he asked, 'Into what, then, were you baptized?' 'The baptism of John,' they replied. Paul said, 'John's baptism was a baptism of repentance. He told the people to believe in the one coming after him, that is, in Jesus.' On hearing this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. When Paul placed his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied. There were about twelve men in all." (Acts 19:1-7, NIV)
Also, what do you see Baptism as being before and after the coming of Christ and why did it change?
The verse you refer to about the people receiving John's baptism was not the Christian baptism, that's why they didn't receive the Holy Spirit.
Jesus instituted baptism for believers ...you can see it in Matthew 24. John's baptism was a precursor to the Christian baptism. In the Christian baptism:
1 Peter 3:20-21. … in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In it a few people, eight in all, were saved through water — and this water symbolizes
Baptism that now saves you also.
Colossians 2:11-12. In Him you were also circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, in the removal of the body of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ,
having been buried with Him in Baptism, in which you were also raised up with Him through faith in the working of God, who raised Him from the dead.
Romans 6:3-10. Or do you not know that
all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death? Therefore
we have been buried with Him through Baptism into death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too might walk in newness of life. For if
we have become united with Him in the likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old self was crucified with Him, in order that our body of sin might be done away with, so that we would no longer be slaves to sin; for he who has died is freed from sin. Now if we have died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with Him, knowing that Christ, having been raised from the dead, is never to die again; death no longer is master over Him. For the death that He died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God.
Galatians 3:27. For
all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.
Eph. 5:26. Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her to make her holy,
cleansing her by the washing with water through the word.
Titus 3:5. He saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy,
by the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit.
Corinthians 12:13. For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit.
1 Corinthians 6:11. But
you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God.
Acts 22:16. And now what are you waiting for? Get up,
be baptized and wash your sins away, calling on his name.
Acts 2:37-39. Now when they heard this they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, "Brothers, what shall we do?" And Peter said to them, "
Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. For the promise is for you and for your children and for all who are far off, everyone whom the Lord our God calls to himself."
Mark 16:16. Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned.