The conclusion is identical. There is no practical difference between a Deist and an Atheist.
Often, the problem is definitions......
Christianity has no common governance in such matters, and of course such would be meaningless for those outside of Christianity as most Deists today are and of course as all Atheists would be..... The "problem" is that ANYONE can define and use words ANY WAY they want... and yes, since English is governed by USAGE, eventually we can end up with an unlimited number of definitions (perhaps in direct contradictions to each other) because in English, words mean whatever meaning is ascribed to them by any who uses the word.
IMO, if we look at the word itself and the original or primary meaning....
THEIST - One who dogmatically holds there is supernatural, divine, "god" in some sense; Something beyond the natural (physics). Most theoretical physicists are theists in this sense since they believe there are situations where physics entirely breaks down and that "something" preexisted physics as we know it, even the Big Bang itself. They may not hold to a PERSONAL GOD in the sense of Western Religions (they hold to something more akin to Hinduism) but they are theists.
ATHEIST - one with a dogmatic theology that there is no God, no divine, no supernatural. The "A" makes it the opposite of Theism, so whatever Theism means and implies, Atheism is dogmatically the opposite. That's technically, primarily, originally what the word means. Now, one can insist the word only means "One who does not drive a Ford Mustang" and if that's how they mean it, then that's what it means. People get amazingly creative in the "meaning" they give to this word.
AGNOSTIC - one who simply holds there is insufficient physical evidence for the divine, the supernatural. The word "gnosis" means knowledge or empirical evidence. It does not in any way preclude what they believe or what faith they have, it simply means they hold there is insufficient (and perhaps entirely lacking) evidence for such. For example, most Astrophysists believe there is life of some kind somewhere else in the universe - its a STRONG and PASSIONATE belief that really drives them and determines their life, but EVERY ONE of them is actually an Agnostic because they ALL quickly admit that we have ZERO evidence of that, there certainly is insufficient empirical proof. Many will even admit their believe COULD be entirely, wholly wrong.
DEIST - One who is a theist (SEE ABOVE) and believe that the divine created physics (most add as well as moral laws) but that is the extent of the supernaturals' interplay with people and the universe today.... it's all just "running" according to how the divine set it up. One CAN be a deists AND a Theist of course.....
So, yes, a Deist not only could but probably does hold that we are to be moral in light of the divine: God set up the MORAL laws as well as the PHYSICS laws, and the world works best when those laws are allowed to rule; they MAY take a passive view of morality (don't resist, don't go against) rather than the more active view of most world religions but the upholding of morality could easily be the same.
- Josiah
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