Didn't the Romans celebrate birthdays?
That's what I've repeatedly read... And just as in our own culture, birthdays were an opportunity to celebrate the PERSON (the date not being very important..... I've OFTEN had birthday parties NOT on the actual anniversary date). Because of this strong, strong cultural desire to celebrate people - and this done around their birthday - as Christianity moved into the Roman world there was naturally a desire to celebrate His birthday (who more to celebrate than Jesus Christ?) and thus the issue of when He was born.
But of course, the Bible does not give the exact date (the Bible contains very few dates - none in the NT). And there evidently was no "tradition" about this. Thus, we cannot and do not know the date of His birth. ANY date could be chosen - but it would be just an arbitrary date chosen for this purpose.
While lots of theories exist as to WHY December 25 was eventually settled upon, NO ONE knows the actual reason since NO ONE ever recorded the reason for it. We have quite a bit of Christian writings from this period.... even some mentioning Christmas... but not one mention of WHY this date eventually became the agreed upon date on which to celebrate Christ's birth (and Christ in general). We simply have NOTHING from the period as to the reason. Thus all the theories are just that - with NO WAY WHATSOEVER to know which (if any) is correct.
We cannot compute it from the date of His crucifixion, either. One - we don't know what YEAR this happened (there's a 3 or 4 year variance as to when Jesus was born and an even larger variance as to when he died), two - nothing states how old (to the day) Jesus was when he was crucified. We can't use the birth of John the Baptist (from the temple service of his father) since again, we don't know what YEAR this was, it could have been 7 BC, it would have been 4 BC or anything inbetween. We can't use the shepherds watching their flocks at night since these were very expensive, very special Temple sheep raised for sacrifice and they were watched 24/7 all 365 days of the year.
- Josiah