What authority would the Early Church have?
In MY opinion......
1. The ultimate Authority is God. And I believe God has objectively conveyed that in the pages of His inscripturated words to US (The Holy Scriptures).
2. Of course, WHAT (specifically) IS that Scripture is a matter of Tradition, and yes, we all look to the historic consensus of the Early Church for that issue. There was a solid consensus by the early 5th Century on 66-73 books (although perhaps on 3 levels - canonical spoken in favor, canonical spoken against, and deuterocanonical).
3. The reality is.... LOTS of teachings and theories and opinions were flying around in the Early Church, it was likely THE most diverse time in the hisotry of Christianity (worse than today); even on some VERY fundamental issues (and I'm not even including Gnosticism in on this diversity). BUT..... in this rather chaotic time, with a lot of conflicts, people PRAYED and DISCUSSED and ARGUED and PRAYED and DISCUSSED and often Bishops formally/officially met (typically at the demand of the Caesar) and out of this, a CONSENSUS developed that was clearly biblical (what Anglicans and Lutherans call Tradition). Often, a highly respected theologian rose up in the debate with very wise words that "won the day" (we often refer to these as "Church Fathers"). We are highly grateful! And we are often look to this consensus as evidence of the promise that the Holy Spirit would teach and lead us. Today, nearly all Christians accept the Ecumenical Creeds and 66-73 books as Scripture... and we have the Early Church to thank for that.
My $0.01
A Blessed Christmas Season to all!
Josiah
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