I understand that but tell me what is the big difference between his church and the Catholic church other than the books he deemed as non canonical thus rendering specific dogmas void?
Andrew
I wonder why this diversion, this attempt to change the subject? I'd suggest you start a new thread if you are truly interested.
But trying to not derail, I'll address this. If you actually want to read this,
if you actually care.
Luther's personal opinion on this was the common Catholic one of the day: There is a TRADITION of Sacred Scripture (the term only means religious writings) and canonicity. By custom, some books were so embraced ... by the Fifth Century, this meant 27 or 28 NT books (Catholic tomes often included the epistle to the Leodiceans - the book a few Catholics are still whining about him "removing") and 39 (by our count) in the OT. These were considered canonical (the word means rule, norm) - BUT NOT EQUALLY, the OT was considered under the NT... and the 27 or 28 NT books were on two levels, some more canonical than others. But the 66 were all accepted, by custom/tradition. This set of books was quite firmly embraced (by custom) - important since they together serve as the canon (rule, norm).
Then there were the
Deuterocanonical (as some Catholics STILL call them), not canonical but DEUTEROcanonical. "Deutero" mean secondary, under, submissive to. Canonical mean serving as a rule or norm ("norma normans" is the term in epistemology), then some additional books that were NOT canonical but still informative, helpful, useful.... IF something here SUPPORTS something in the canonical books, they may be used, but a dogma cannot be supported primarily by a secondary canon. If a book is Deuterocanonical it is (by definition) NOT canonical. WHAT material is Deuterocanonical has NEVER been agreed upon. There are many different "sets". Today, every denomination that accepts some books as Deuterocanonical don't agree with ANY other on exactly WHAT books are deuterocanonical - but this was never an issue (until Catholics made it one 500 years ago) because since they are Deuterocanonical (as Catholics till call them) it probably doesn't matter much. In all the "wars" between East and West (resulting in mutual excommunications) the issue that they embraced different sets of Deuterocanoncial books never came up, never was an issue, never a debate. Why? These were only helpful... and not necessarily inerrant or inspired and not canonical.... so exactly what books are such probably doens;t matter much. No Ecumenical Council discussed it... no debates happened over the various different sets. The RCC and Russian Orthodox Church (the largest of the EOC's) STILL don't embrace the same set - neither cares, it doesn't matter.
Luther accepted the 66 books that the RCC accepted (he did NOT included the Epistle to the Leodiceans because he held history did not support this book and no Eastern Orthodox Church used it). AND he accepted the exact set of DEUTEROcanonical books that were accepted in his native Germany. In Germany, Catholics included far fewer than they did in England, but still several. They included: Judith, Wisdom of Solomon, Tobit, Ecclesiaticus, Baruch, Letter of Jeremiah, 1 and 2 Maccabees, The Prayer of Azariah, Song of the Three Children, the Prayer of Manasseh - as well as 3 additions to canonical books: Old Greek Esther, Susanna and Bel and the Dragon. By custom/tradiiton, these were used in Catholic churches in Germany, included in the lectionary and in Catholic Bibles in Germany. So
he just continued the Catholic custom/tradition. He added nothing, and the only book he did not include was that Epistle to the Laodiceans in the NT since it clearly was not universal/catholic. He didn't denounce it, he just didn't include it - he said nothing at all about it. So, Luther's Bible perfectly mirrored the Catholic Bibles in Germany. The only difference is he collected all the books held as DEUTEROcanonical (many Catholics STILL do) together (the ORDER of books in the Bible has NEVER been - and still is not - set). The Anglicans did much the same thing in 1563 except that Catholics often used more books regarded as DEUTEROcanonical in England than in Germany.
A bit after Luther's death, the RCC had a meeting of it itself alone in Trent, Italty. There it authoritatively declared the "Sacred Writings" that it itself alone now officially embraced. It's a UNIQUE set (no other denomination on the planet agrees with it). The list of books is not surprising (although Lutherans noted the absence of the Epistle to the Leodiceans!), it had one less book than Luther's (no Prayer of Manasseh). But the significant thing is that it avoided any mention of canonicity, it just listed books without stating if they were embraced as canon (and if so, on what levels) or as Deuterocanonical it just listed books. In any case, it's a UNIQUE collection, slightly smaller than Luther's and quite a bit shorter than that of the Church of England. And to this day, many Catholics call several of those Trent books as deuterocanonical (which means they are not canonical).
Luther was asked to stat the books Lutheranism accepted as canonical and deuterocanonical. He would not. He shared his PERSONAL OPINION (which again, just echoed the custom of Catholicism in Germany at the time) but he refused to state anything definitive, stating its not up to a person or denomination to declare this, this must be an act of the whole church (and noted the need to a true Ecumenical Council). The Lutheran Confessions are purposely SILENT on this isssue.... it's not up to a man or a denomination. And again, what is DEUTEROcanonical probably isn't a major issue - actually LOTS and LOTS of writings can be helpful, informational, inspirational and used to help us understand something taught in canonical Scripture.
I don't know if you actually read this.... or care about the question you raised... but that's totally okay.
Andrew, if you actually want to know the difference between RCC doctrine and Lutheran doctrine, that requires a different thread (and probably forum). I'd recommend you start by reading the Catholic Catechism and the Lutheran one. A couple of us Lutherans here are former Catholics and can probably help you.
Thanks.
- Josiah
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