Roman Catholic Liturgy Explanation

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Biblical Background of Liturgical Texts:
The words spoken by the priests and the people during the Catholic Mass and other Christian liturgies are not only based loosely on the Bible; many of them are direct quotations from particular biblical texts:

Introductory Rites:

Sign of the Cross:

"In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit." (Matt 28:19; cf. John 14:13-14; Acts 2:21)​

Liturgical Greeting:

"The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all." (2 Cor 13:14)
Or "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ" (Phil 1:2; Eph 1:2)
Or "The Lord be with you." (2 Tim 4:22; cf. Matt 1:23; 28:20)​

People's Response:

"And with your spirit" (cf. Gal 6:18; 2 Tim 4:22)​

On some occasions there is

Rite of Blessing and Sprinkling Holy Water (see Ezek 36:25; cf. Num 8:7a)​

Penitential Act:

Intro: "Let us acknowledge our sins, and so prepare ourselves to celebrate the sacred mysteries." (cf. Ps 51:5)
"I confess to almighty God..." (cf. Lev 5:5; Neh 1:5-9; Dan 9:3-19; James 5:16)
"Have mercy on us, O Lord. / For we have sinned against you. / Show us, O Lord, your mercy. / And grant us your salvation." (Ps 41:4)
"Lord, Have Mercy" (Matt 15:22; 17:15; 20:30-31; cf. Ps 123:3)​

Gloria:

"Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to people of good will" (Luke 2:14; cf. Rev 4:11; 5:11-14)
"We praise you, we bless you, we adore you, we glorify you..." (Cf. Ps 148:13)
"Lord Jesus Christ, Only Begotten Son" (cf. Ps 2:7; John 1:14)
"Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, you take away the sins of the world..." (cf. John 1:29)
etc.​

Prayers concluded by "Amen" (Neh 8:6; Ps 41:13; Rom 16:27; Heb 13:20-21; Rev 7:16)​

Liturgy of the Word:

Introductory/Concluding Dialogues:

"A reading from the book/letter of..."
"The Word of the Lord" (1 Peter 1:25) - "Thanks be to God" (Rom 6:17; 2 Cor 9:15)
"A reading from the holy Gospel according to..." - "Glory to you, O Lord"
"The Gospel of the Lord" (Rom 16:25; Mark 1:1) - "Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ"
Acclamations before the Gospel:

"Alleluia" (many Psalms, esp. Ps 146-150; Rev 19:1-6)

"Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ, King of endless glory!" (cf. Ps 24:7-10; 1 Thess 2:12; 2 Tim 4:18)
Or "Praise and honor to you, Lord Jesus Christ!" (cf. Dan 4:34, 37; 1 Peter 1:7)
Or "Glory and praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ!" (cf. Phil 1:11)​

Profession of Faith:

"I believe..." (Mark 9:24; John 11:27; cf. John 14:1; 1 John 5:10)​

General Intercessions:

"We pray to the Lord" (Exod 8:29-30; 10:17-18; Jer 42:2-4; Acts 8:22-24)
"Lord, hear our prayer" (2 Kings 20:2-5; Isa 38:2-5)​

Liturgy of the Eucharist:

Preparation of the Gifts:

"Blessed are you, Lord God of all creation..." (cf. 1 Chron 29:10; Ps 72:18-19; 119:10; Luke 1:68)
"Blessed be God forever. " (cf. Gen 14:20; Ps 66:20; 68:35)​

Eucharistic Acclamations:

"Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts..." (Isa 6:3; Rev 4:8)
"Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord." (Ps 118:26; Mark 11:9; Matt 21:9; Luke 19:38; John 12:13)
"Hosanna in the highest" (Mark 11:10; Matt 21:9; cf. Luke 19:38)​

Words of Institution: (see Mark 14:22-24; Matt 26:26-28; cf. Luke 22:17-20; 1 Cor 11:23-25)
"Take this, all of you, and eat of it, for this is my Body, which will be given up for you" (a combination of Mark 14:22; Matt 26:26; Luke 22:19; 1 Cor 11:24)
"Take this, all of you, and drink from it, for this is the chalice of my Blood, the Blood of the new and eternal covenant, which will be poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins." (a combination of Mark 14:24; Matt 26:27b-28; cf. Luke 22:17, 20; 1 Cor 11:25)
"Do this in remembrance of me" (only Luke 22:19; 1 Cor 11:24a, 25b)
Memorial Acclamations:

"We proclaim your Death, O Lord, and profess your Resurrection until you come again." (cf. 1 Cor 16:22)
Or "When we eat this Bread and drink this Cup, we proclaim your Death, O Lord, until you come again." (cf. 1 Cor 11:26)
Or "Save us, Savior of the world, for by your Cross and Resurrection you have set us free." (cf. Matt 8:25; Luke 4:42; Rom 8:21)​

Lord's Prayer:

"Our Father in heaven..." (Matt 6:9-13; cf. Luke 11:2-4; Mark 14:36; Gal 4:6)
Embolism: "Deliver us, Lord, we pray, from every evil... as we await the blessed hope and the coming of our Saviour, Jesus Christ" (Titus 2:13)
Doxology: "For the kingdom, the power, and the glory are yours..."
(found only in some biblical manuscripts after Matt 6:13; cf. Rev 4:11; 11:15; 1 Chron 29:11)​

Greeting of Peace:

"Lord Jesus Christ, you said to your apostles, 'I leave you peace, my peace I give you'" (John 14:27)
"The peace of the Lord be with you always." (cf. John 16:33; 20:19, 21, 26)​

Breaking of the Bread:

"Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world..." (cf. John 1:29, 36; Rev 5:6-13; 22:1-3)
Preparation before Communion:
"Behold the Lamb of God, behold him who takes away the sins of the world. Blessed are those called to the supper of the Lamb." (John 1:29, 36; Rev 19:9)
"Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul shall be healed." (Matt 8:8; cf. Luke 7:1-10)​

Concluding Rite:

Final Blessing (cf. Gen 28:3; Deut 14:29; Num 6:23-27; Ps 29:11)
Dismissal:

"Go forth, the Mass is ended."
Or "Go and announce the Gospel of the Lord." (cf. Mark 16:15)
Or "Go in peace, glorifying the Lord by your life." (cf. Ps 115:1; 1 Cor 10:31; 2 Thess 1:12)
Or "Go in peace." (cf. Exod 4:18; Deut 10:11-13; Judg 18:6; 1 Sam 1:17; Mark 5:34; Luke 7:50; 8:48)​

(source See also this site which offers in tabular form the words spoken in the Mass in their with scripture references accompanying.)