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Who are the twenty four elders of Revelation?

hobie

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We see several text of the twenty four elders in scripture..
Revelation 4:10-11
10 The four and twenty elders fall down before him that sat on the throne, and worship him that liveth for ever and ever, and cast their crowns before the throne, saying, 11 Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.

Revelation 5:8-9
8 And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four [and] twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints. 9 And they sung a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation.

So what do these twenty four elders mean and where do they come from. The Levitical priesthood was divided into twenty-four courses and it was there at the time of Jesus. We see its continuance in Zacharias in Luke 1:5-9, when the angel came to tell him while he was in the temple that he would have a son, who was John the Baptist.
Luke 1:5-9
"5 There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth.
6 And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.
7 And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they both were now well stricken in years.
8 And it came to pass, that while he executed the priest's office before God in the order of his course,
9 According to the custom of the priest's office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the temple of the Lord."

John in Revelation, saw four and twenty elders seated upon four and twenty seats, and they worshiped the Lamb, saying, 'Thou hast redeemed us to God by Thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation; and hast made us unto our God kings and priests.'

Revelation 4:4
And round about the throne were four and twenty seats: and upon the seats I saw four and twenty elders sitting, clothed in white raiment; and they had on their heads crowns of gold.

Revelation 5:8-10
8 And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints.
9 And they sung a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation;
10 And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall reign on the earth.

In this we see the antitype of the twenty-four courses of priests. The chiefs, or elders, of each course have seats of honor, and they are kings and priests after the order of Melchizedek. Now we see the following in Matthew 27:50-53..
Matthew 27:50-53
"50 Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.
51 And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;
52 And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose,
53 And came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many."

We see in Matthew the first fruits of those who rise from the dead after the resurrection of Christ, do they constitute the four and twenty elders? We see in Ephesians a clue: Ephesians 4:8 'Wherefore he saith, When he [Christ] ascended up on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men.' The marginal reading is, he led a 'multitude of captives.' Is there a answer hidden in plain sight?
 

jswauto

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The 24 elders in Revelation are not explicitly identified in Scripture. But the strongest, text‑anchored interpretation — and the one that best fits — is:
They represent the completed people of God: 12 patriarchs (Israel) + 12 apostles (the Church).
That’s the canonical reading. But let me walk through the breakdown to drop this straight into your Christian mind.

⭐ The Three Serious Interpretations (Ranked by Scriptural Strength)

1. The 24 Elders = The 12 Tribes + The 12 Apostles

This view fits:
  • Revelation’s own structure (Rev 21:12–14 literally pairs 12 tribes + 12 apostles as the foundation of the New Jerusalem).
  • Their crowns (Greek stephanos = victor’s crown, always used of redeemed humans).
  • Their song (“You redeemed us by Your blood” — textual variant, but early manuscripts support it).
  • Their thrones (Jesus promised thrones to His apostles in Matt 19:28).
  • Their priestly identity (“kings and priests” — language used of redeemed believers).
This interpretation sees the elders as symbolic representatives of the whole redeemed people of God across both covenants — not necessarily the literal individuals, but the office they represent.

This is why the instinct is right: 12 Israel + 12 Apostles = 24 It’s the only number in Scripture that naturally yields 24 in a redemptive-historical way.

2. The 24 Elders = The Heavenly Priestly Order (Levitical 24 Courses)

This is the view some are arguing.
It’s not wrong — it’s actually very insightful — but it’s typological, not literal.
Why it has weight:
  • David divided the priesthood into 24 courses (1 Chr 24).
  • John sees heavenly liturgy mirroring earthly liturgy.
  • The elders hold harps and bowls of incense (priestly imagery).
  • Revelation is full of temple symbolism.
This view says:
The 24 elders are the heavenly “chief priests” of the redeemed order — the antitype of the 24 earthly priestly divisions.
This is elegant, but it doesn’t explain:
  • why they wear victor’s crowns
  • why they sing of being redeemed
  • why they sit on thrones
  • why they appear before the resurrection of the saints in Rev 20
So it’s a strong symbolic layer, but not the primary identity.

3. The 24 Elders = The Firstfruits Raised in Matthew 27 (Least likely)

This is a leaning view in the discussions.
It tries to connect:
  • Matthew 27:52–53 (saints raised at Christ’s resurrection)
  • Ephesians 4:8 (“He led captivity captive”)
  • Revelation 4–5 (elders already in heaven)
The idea is:
The resurrected saints ascended with Christ and became the 24 elders.
The problem is:
  • Matthew never says 24 were raised.
  • Revelation never says the elders were resurrected humans.
  • The elders appear symbolic, not biographical.
  • The timing doesn’t require resurrected saints to be enthroned before Rev 4.
It’s creative, but it’s not text-driven.

⭐ The Textual Profile of the 24 Elders (What Revelation Actually Shows)

1. They sit on thrones

Only promised to redeemed humans (Rev 3:21; Matt 19:28).

2. They wear white garments

Always the clothing of the redeemed (Rev 3:5; 7:9).

3. They wear golden crowns (stephanoi)

Never used of angels. Always used of believers.

4. They sing of redemption

Depending on manuscript:
  • “You redeemed us by Your blood” (majority text)
  • “You redeemed people by Your blood” (Alexandrian text)
Either way — they are connected to redemption.

5. They act as priests

They hold bowls of incense = prayers of the saints.

6. They appear before the judgments begin

Meaning they are already enthroned when the Lamb takes the scroll.
This profile fits redeemed humanity, not angels.

⭐ So who are they?

The best synthesis:

The 24 elders are the heavenly representatives of the redeemed people of God — the 12 tribes (Old Covenant) + the 12 apostles (New Covenant).
They are not necessarily the literal patriarchs and apostles sitting there already — but they represent the completed covenant people.
Just like:
  • The 12 gates = 12 tribes
  • The 12 foundations = 12 apostles
  • The 24 elders = the unified redeemed community
This is the only interpretation that:
  • fits the number
  • fits the crowns
  • fits the thrones
  • fits the priestly imagery
  • fits the redemption language
  • fits Revelation’s own symbolic architecture

⭐Short Literal Summary

Scripture never names the 24 elders directly, but the strongest interpretation is:
They represent the completed people of God — 12 tribes of Israel + 12 apostles of the Lamb.
 
Last edited:

BluePrints

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We see several text of the twenty four elders in scripture..
...

In this we see the antitype of the twenty-four courses of priests. The chiefs, or elders, of each course have seats of honor, and they are kings and priests after the order of Melchizedek.
No text, or combination of texts, in scripture states that the 24 elders are "priests after the order of Melchizedek."

Additionally, the 24 positions in the OT (1 Chr. 24), are all of the Levitical, not Melchizedical line and the NT reinforces that by stating that Zacharias and Elizabeth (his wife) were related to Aaron by blood.

1Ch 24:1 Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.​
1Ch 24:6 And Shemaiah the son of Nethaneel the scribe, one of the Levites, wrote them before the king, and the princes, and Zadok the priest, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and before the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites: one principal household being taken for Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar.​
1Ch 24:10 The seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah,​
1Ch 24:19 These were the orderings of them in their service to come into the house of the LORD, according to their manner, under Aaron their father, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him.​
1Ch 24:20 And the rest of the sons of Levi were these: Of the sons of Amram; Shubael: of the sons of Shubael; Jehdeiah.​
Luk 1:5 There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth.​

... see in ... Matthew 27:50-53 ... Ephesians 4:8 ... Is there a answer hidden in plain sight?
The symbolism of “And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on their seats, fell upon their faces, and worshipped God,”:

The “elders” = “ancients” / “old”, “grayheaded”, also indicates “overseer”, leading positions.

The 24 elders = strong angels, leaders of the unfallen worlds, and are NOT human, but existed before earth was created. - Rev. 4:4,10, 5:5,6,8,11,14, 7:11,13, 11:16, 14:3, 19:4; Isa. 24:23 (ancients), see also Eze. 8:15-17, 11:1-2 KJB. See also the type in the OT on earth, which mirrored that which existed in Heaven - Num. 1:50-53, 2:2-34, 3:17,23,29,35,38; Deu. 1:15; 1 Chr. 27:1-15; Mat. 6:10; Luk. 11:2 (“... Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.”) KJB.

What about Rev. 5:6 KJB, “redeemed us”? This is only a single text, and is not to be abused / wrested. It must always be in the mouth of two or three witnesses. How does anyone know that they (24 Elders) are not human? -

1. They already have crowns. The saints (human) of God, do not get those until their resurrection / translation (1 Thes. 2:19; 2 Tim. 4:8; Jam. 1:12; 1 Pet. 5:4, see also Heb. 2:7,9; 2 Tim. 2:5 KJB), as Jesus received His.​
2. They are already wearing white robes, never given them. Sinless (Mat. 18:13; Mar. 2:17; Luk. 15:7 KJB).​
3. They do not ever appear in Revelation with victory Palms, but only the human saints who were resurrected and translated do.​
4. We know who they are NOT – They are not the Apostles (12 or Paul), and John is the one writing Revelation on the Isle of Patmos. They are not any of Adam, Noah, Job, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob / Israel, or any of the 12 Sons of Jacob / Israel, David, since they are still deceased in the first death, and not resurrected (see Heb. 11 KJB, Abraham and the others are still waiting in the grave. See also Act. 2:29,34 KJB for King David). The only persons of mankind that are alive and in Heaven at that time is Enoch, Moses, Elijah, and the “firstfruits” (who came back with Jesus), but these “elders” are already present when Jesus arrives with the “captivity”. See - Sincerely Dead Dying, To Know Jesus by brother Aaron Earnest : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
5. Some try to link the special resurrection (“firstfruits”) around Jerusalem, in Mat. 27:50-53 KJB, when Jesus resurrected, to these ‘24’. Yet, we are never told in any location exactly who or how many were in that special resurrection, & there is no indication of young or old – see Psa. 24:1-10, 68:18; Eph. 4:8; 1 Cor. 15:20,23; Isa. 26:19 KJB.​
6. Neither Jesus, nor the specially resurrected saints from Jerusalem, nor even the common ‘angels’ are seen in Rev. 4 KJB, at all. It is only the Father, the 4 Beasts (Living Creatures) and the 24 Elders / Ancients, which are all already present before Jesus even shows up with ‘victory train’ of mankind and cloud of angels.​
7. Jesus shows up, along with the angels in Rev. 5 KJB, after which we were already introduced to the 24 Elders / Ancients in Rev. 4 KJB.​
8. The “thrones” (principalities, powers, etc.) of Heaven, already existed before earth was even created, see also Jhn. 14:1-3 (a place, which was vacant by the angels which left their first estate/(arch)offices); Mat. 18:10-14; Luk. 15:3-7; Rev. 12:12; Heb. 1:2, 11:3; Job 1:6, 2:1; 1 Kin. 22:19-24; 2 Chr. 18:18-23; Col. 1:6; Isa. 14:13 KJB; etc.​
9. The 24 Elders have in their hands the “incense” “with” the “prayers of the saints”, which means they are praying / singing (ministering) on behalf of someone else. Consider that the Angels of heaven carry the prayers of the people of God to heaven, Dan. 9:21-23, 10:11; Mat. 18:10; Act. 10:34 KJB, and see that Angels are “ministering spirits” – Heb. 1:7,14; Psa. 104:4 KJB, and thus connect with Rev. 5:8-11 KJB. This is just as Jesus speaks on behalf of the Father (and comes in the name of the Father), and the Holy Ghost speaks on behalf of Jesus (ie., comes in the name of Jesus).​

What then about the “crowns” that the 24 Elders wear, are they not a “stephanos” (a victory crown)? They are “stephanos”, but this can simply mean a crown worn, though it can also mean a victory crown (didn’t Jesus also win the victory for the heavenly beings also? Rejoice ye heavens, etc., Rev. 12 KJB), see also Rev. 9:7 KJB, wherein the ‘locust’ also have something like a ‘crown’ (stephanos). See also Origen’s Hexapla uses, wherein it is just a crown, see Origen’s Hexapla: 2 Sam. 12:30; 1 Chr. 20:2; Est. 8:15; Psa. 21:3, 65:11; Pro. 1:9, 4:9; Job 19:9, 31:36; Eze. 16:12, 21:31, 23:42; Isa. 22:18,21; Son. 3:11; Psa. 102:4, and see also the Origen’s Hexapla (Apocrypha) 1 Maccabees 10:20, 13:37,39; Sirach 6:31, 15:6, 32:2, 40:4, 45:12, etc. The other worlds also had tests similar to that of Adam. They never sinned.

Additional, for Seventh-day Adventists who adhere to the "SoP / ToJ" (Spirit of Prophecy / Testimony of Jesus), consider:

Letter 65, 1898, par. 18; & MR 12 (921-999), 296.4; & MR 20 (1420-1500), 197.3 (citing Rev. 5:5; “elder”):
“... [par. 18] that one of the strong angels had compassion on him, and laying his hand on him assuringly said, “Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof. ...” - https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/14063.6141001
Sermons and Talks, Volume 1, 35.2; & Signs of the Times, Dec. 22, 1887, par. 7 (citing Rev. 7:13-15; “elder”):
“... [par. 7] And the angel answers, “These are they which came out of great tribulation ...” - https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/820.8478
Compare those statements said by the angels, to the statements in Revelation:

Rev_5:5 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.​
Rev 7:13 And one of the elders answered, saying unto me, What are these which are arrayed in white robes? and whence came they?​
Rev_7:14 And I said unto him, Sir, thou knowest. And he said to me, These are they which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.​

Feel free to consider this sourced material from this study on the 7 Trumpets, here, on pages 757 (bottom)-759 - The Seven Trumpets Of Revelation - God's Great Trump : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
 

hobie

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No text, or combination of texts, in scripture states that the 24 elders are "priests after the order of Melchizedek."

Additionally, the 24 positions in the OT (1 Chr. 24), are all of the Levitical, not Melchizedical line and the NT reinforces that by stating that Zacharias and Elizabeth (his wife) were related to Aaron by blood.

1Ch 24:1 Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.​
1Ch 24:6 And Shemaiah the son of Nethaneel the scribe, one of the Levites, wrote them before the king, and the princes, and Zadok the priest, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and before the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites: one principal household being taken for Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar.​
1Ch 24:10 The seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah,​
1Ch 24:19 These were the orderings of them in their service to come into the house of the LORD, according to their manner, under Aaron their father, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him.​
1Ch 24:20 And the rest of the sons of Levi were these: Of the sons of Amram; Shubael: of the sons of Shubael; Jehdeiah.​
Luk 1:5 There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth.​


The symbolism of “And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on their seats, fell upon their faces, and worshipped God,”:

The “elders” = “ancients” / “old”, “grayheaded”, also indicates “overseer”, leading positions.

The 24 elders = strong angels, leaders of the unfallen worlds, and are NOT human, but existed before earth was created. - Rev. 4:4,10, 5:5,6,8,11,14, 7:11,13, 11:16, 14:3, 19:4; Isa. 24:23 (ancients), see also Eze. 8:15-17, 11:1-2 KJB. See also the type in the OT on earth, which mirrored that which existed in Heaven - Num. 1:50-53, 2:2-34, 3:17,23,29,35,38; Deu. 1:15; 1 Chr. 27:1-15; Mat. 6:10; Luk. 11:2 (“... Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.”) KJB.

What about Rev. 5:6 KJB, “redeemed us”? This is only a single text, and is not to be abused / wrested. It must always be in the mouth of two or three witnesses. How does anyone know that they (24 Elders) are not human? -

1. They already have crowns. The saints (human) of God, do not get those until their resurrection / translation (1 Thes. 2:19; 2 Tim. 4:8; Jam. 1:12; 1 Pet. 5:4, see also Heb. 2:7,9; 2 Tim. 2:5 KJB), as Jesus received His.​
2. They are already wearing white robes, never given them. Sinless (Mat. 18:13; Mar. 2:17; Luk. 15:7 KJB).​
3. They do not ever appear in Revelation with victory Palms, but only the human saints who were resurrected and translated do.​
4. We know who they are NOT – They are not the Apostles (12 or Paul), and John is the one writing Revelation on the Isle of Patmos. They are not any of Adam, Noah, Job, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob / Israel, or any of the 12 Sons of Jacob / Israel, David, since they are still deceased in the first death, and not resurrected (see Heb. 11 KJB, Abraham and the others are still waiting in the grave. See also Act. 2:29,34 KJB for King David). The only persons of mankind that are alive and in Heaven at that time is Enoch, Moses, Elijah, and the “firstfruits” (who came back with Jesus), but these “elders” are already present when Jesus arrives with the “captivity”. See - Sincerely Dead Dying, To Know Jesus by brother Aaron Earnest : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
5. Some try to link the special resurrection (“firstfruits”) around Jerusalem, in Mat. 27:50-53 KJB, when Jesus resurrected, to these ‘24’. Yet, we are never told in any location exactly who or how many were in that special resurrection, & there is no indication of young or old – see Psa. 24:1-10, 68:18; Eph. 4:8; 1 Cor. 15:20,23; Isa. 26:19 KJB.​
6. Neither Jesus, nor the specially resurrected saints from Jerusalem, nor even the common ‘angels’ are seen in Rev. 4 KJB, at all. It is only the Father, the 4 Beasts (Living Creatures) and the 24 Elders / Ancients, which are all already present before Jesus even shows up with ‘victory train’ of mankind and cloud of angels.​
7. Jesus shows up, along with the angels in Rev. 5 KJB, after which we were already introduced to the 24 Elders / Ancients in Rev. 4 KJB.​
8. The “thrones” (principalities, powers, etc.) of Heaven, already existed before earth was even created, see also Jhn. 14:1-3 (a place, which was vacant by the angels which left their first estate/(arch)offices); Mat. 18:10-14; Luk. 15:3-7; Rev. 12:12; Heb. 1:2, 11:3; Job 1:6, 2:1; 1 Kin. 22:19-24; 2 Chr. 18:18-23; Col. 1:6; Isa. 14:13 KJB; etc.​
9. The 24 Elders have in their hands the “incense” “with” the “prayers of the saints”, which means they are praying / singing (ministering) on behalf of someone else. Consider that the Angels of heaven carry the prayers of the people of God to heaven, Dan. 9:21-23, 10:11; Mat. 18:10; Act. 10:34 KJB, and see that Angels are “ministering spirits” – Heb. 1:7,14; Psa. 104:4 KJB, and thus connect with Rev. 5:8-11 KJB. This is just as Jesus speaks on behalf of the Father (and comes in the name of the Father), and the Holy Ghost speaks on behalf of Jesus (ie., comes in the name of Jesus).​

What then about the “crowns” that the 24 Elders wear, are they not a “stephanos” (a victory crown)? They are “stephanos”, but this can simply mean a crown worn, though it can also mean a victory crown (didn’t Jesus also win the victory for the heavenly beings also? Rejoice ye heavens, etc., Rev. 12 KJB), see also Rev. 9:7 KJB, wherein the ‘locust’ also have something like a ‘crown’ (stephanos). See also Origen’s Hexapla uses, wherein it is just a crown, see Origen’s Hexapla: 2 Sam. 12:30; 1 Chr. 20:2; Est. 8:15; Psa. 21:3, 65:11; Pro. 1:9, 4:9; Job 19:9, 31:36; Eze. 16:12, 21:31, 23:42; Isa. 22:18,21; Son. 3:11; Psa. 102:4, and see also the Origen’s Hexapla (Apocrypha) 1 Maccabees 10:20, 13:37,39; Sirach 6:31, 15:6, 32:2, 40:4, 45:12, etc. The other worlds also had tests similar to that of Adam. They never sinned.

Additional, for Seventh-day Adventists who adhere to the "SoP / ToJ" (Spirit of Prophecy / Testimony of Jesus), consider:

Letter 65, 1898, par. 18; & MR 12 (921-999), 296.4; & MR 20 (1420-1500), 197.3 (citing Rev. 5:5; “elder”):
“... [par. 18] that one of the strong angels had compassion on him, and laying his hand on him assuringly said, “Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof. ...” - https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/14063.6141001
Sermons and Talks, Volume 1, 35.2; & Signs of the Times, Dec. 22, 1887, par. 7 (citing Rev. 7:13-15; “elder”):
“... [par. 7] And the angel answers, “These are they which came out of great tribulation ...” - https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/820.8478
Compare those statements said by the angels, to the statements in Revelation:

Rev_5:5 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.​
Rev 7:13 And one of the elders answered, saying unto me, What are these which are arrayed in white robes? and whence came they?​
Rev_7:14 And I said unto him, Sir, thou knowest. And he said to me, These are they which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.​

Feel free to consider this sourced material from this study on the 7 Trumpets, here, on pages 757 (bottom)-759 - The Seven Trumpets Of Revelation - God's Great Trump : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
The inference is from the fact that they are not shown to be from the Levitical lineage, so what else does the scripture give us, the priestly line "after the order of Melchizedek."
 
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