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I know this is a wordy quote in reply but it comes from a lexicon ...
(II) With a dat.:
I want to draw to your attention the redish text and especially the bold portion of it. This is the construction used in Romans 5:12 it means "because" and it makes sin the cause of death rather than, as you have asserted, death the cause of sin.(A) Place in the same sense and circumstances as epí with the gen. so that the Greek poets often used the gen. and dat. interchangeably, while in prose the dat. is more usual.
(1) After words implying rest, upon, on, in (Mat 14:8, Mat 14:11, "upon a plate" [a.t.]; Mar 2:4; Mar 4:38; Mar 6:39, Mar 6:55; Mar 11:7; Luk 12:44; Luk 21:6; Joh 11:38; Act 27:44; Rev 19:14); implying close proximity, contact, upon, at, close by (Mat 24:33; Joh 4:6, "by the fountain" [a.t.], i.e., on the side of the well; Joh 5:2; Act 3:10-11; Act 5:9; Rev 21:12). Followed by the dat. pl. of person, i.e., with, among (Act 28:14; 2Co 7:7).
(2) After words implying motion or direction whither or where, upon, to, toward, and including the idea of subsequent rest upon.
(B) Of time, meaning when, chiefly as marking a definite period of time, upon, at, in. (2) After words implying motion or direction whither or where, upon, to, toward, and including the idea of subsequent rest upon.
(a) Generally (Mat 9:16; Mat 16:18; Mar 2:21; Mar 5:33; Joh 8:7; Act 5:35; Act 8:16; Eph 2:10). Metaphorically (Sept.: Job 29:9).
(b) Metaphorically, of a direction of mind meaning toward someone, e.g., in a friendly sense (Luk 18:7; 2Co 9:14; Sept.: 2Sa 14:1); a hostile sense, against (Luk 12:52-53; Rev 12:17).
(b) Metaphorically, of a direction of mind meaning toward someone, e.g., in a friendly sense (Luk 18:7; 2Co 9:14; Sept.: 2Sa 14:1); a hostile sense, against (Luk 12:52-53; Rev 12:17).
(1) Generally (2Co 3:14, "in the reading," or whenever it is read; Php 1:3, "as often as I think of you" [a.t.], or at every mention; Heb 9:15, during the first covenant or while it was in force; Heb 9:26, at the consummation or completion of the ages, of time as we know it, of the dispensation of grace); as implying merely coexistence in time (2Co 7:4, "in [during, under] all our tribulation"; Eph 4:26, "during your wrath" [a.t.], i.e., while it continues).
(2) In the sense of "after," immediately following upon (Joh 4:27, "upon this," thereupon; Act 11:19, immediately after the persecution . . . about Stephen).
(C) Metaphorically spoken of: (2) In the sense of "after," immediately following upon (Joh 4:27, "upon this," thereupon; Act 11:19, immediately after the persecution . . . about Stephen).
(1) Power, authority, care over (Mat 24:47; Luk 12:44).
(2) Accession or addition, upon or unto something already mentioned or implied, besides (Mat 25:20, Mat 25:22; Luk 3:20; Luk 16:26, "besides all this" [a.t.]; Eph 6:16; Php 2:27; Col 3:14; Heb 8:1).
(3) That upon which something rests as a basis, foundation, support.
(2) Accession or addition, upon or unto something already mentioned or implied, besides (Mat 25:20, Mat 25:22; Luk 3:20; Luk 16:26, "besides all this" [a.t.]; Eph 6:16; Php 2:27; Col 3:14; Heb 8:1).
(3) That upon which something rests as a basis, foundation, support.
(a) Generally (Mat 4:4; Luk 4:4, "to live upon" [a.t.], i.e., to sustain or support life upon, quoted from Deu 8:3). After words implying hope, trust, confidence upon or in any person or thing (Mar 10:24; Luk 11:22; Luk 24:25; Act 2:26, "shall rest in [or upon] hope"; Act 14:3, "speaking boldly in [trusting upon] the Lord"; Rom 4:18; Rom 8:20; Rom 15:12; 1Ti 6:17; Tit 1:2; 1Pe 2:6). Epí used with the dat. of ónoma (G3686), name, in the phrase epí tō onómati, in or upon the name, followed by a gen. noun denoting attribution, i.e., to do anything based upon trust in someone's name and power, causing the enhancement of that person's character (Mat 18:5, "as resting upon [or professing] my name" [a.t.], as a Christian; Mat 24:5; Mar 9:37; Luk 9:48-49, "casting out devils in [or upon] thy name," i.e., resting the efficacy of their exorcism upon "thy name"; Luk 24:47; Act 2:38, "be baptized upon the name of Christ" [a.t.], i.e., the baptism being grounded upon the profession of His name; Act 4:17-18, "to teach in [upon] the name of Jesus" means resting upon His name, upon Him as the ultimate Teacher and Author; Act 5:28, Act 5:40; Sept.: Deu 18:20).
(b) Of the subject of an action in reference to (Mar 6:52, wrought upon the loaves). Of discourse on, about, concerning (Luk 23:38; Joh 12:16; Heb 11:4; Rev 10:11; Rev 22:16).
(c) Of a condition, law, sanction upon or under which something takes place (1Co 9:10; Heb 7:11; Heb 8:6, "under the sanction of" [a.t.]; Heb 9:17, "a testament is only valid the testator being dead" [a.t.]; Heb 10:28, "was put to death under two or three witnesses" [a.t. {cf. Deu 17:6; Deu 19:15}]).
(d) Of the ground, motive or cause of some action upon or at, i.e., on account of, because of (Mat 19:9; Luk 2:20; Luk 5:5; Act 3:16; Act 4:21; Act 26:6; 1Co 1:4; 1Co 8:11; 2Co 9:15). Followed by the dat. of person ep’ autoís, upon them (Act 21:24). With the relative pron. eph’ hṓ for epí toútō hóti, on this account that, because (Rom 5:12; 2Co 5:4; Php 4:10).
(e) Of the occasion upon, at, in connection with which something takes place; upon, at, over, after words of emotion such as joy, sorrow, compassion, astonishment (Mat 7:28, "they were astonished at his teaching" [a.t.]; Mat 14:14; Mat 18:13; Mat 22:33; Mar 3:5; Mar 6:34; Mar 10:22, Mar 10:24; Luk 1:14, Luk 1:29, Luk 1:47; Luk 5:9; Luk 9:43; Luk 15:7; Luk 19:41; Act 3:12; Act 8:2; Jas 5:1; Rev 11:10; Rev 18:9, Rev 18:11). Of the occasion of penitence and shame (Rom 6:21; 2Co 12:21).
(f) Of the object, purpose, end of any action, upon, unto, for (Gal 5:13; Php 3:12; 1Th 4:7; 2Ti 2:14). Also Act 15:14 [TR], where later editions omit epí; hence, eph’ hṓ (hṓ, the dat. neut. sing. of the relative pron. hós [G3739], which) for what, wherefore (Mat 26:50 [TR], for which others have eph’ hó).
(g) Of the norm or model upon or to which anything is adjusted or conformed, upon, after, according to (Luk 1:59; Sept.: Ezr 2:61; Neh 7:63). In 2Co 9:6; ep’ eulogías used as an adv. meaning bountifully or according to God's blessing or intervention (see eulogía [G2129], blessing).
(b) Of the subject of an action in reference to (Mar 6:52, wrought upon the loaves). Of discourse on, about, concerning (Luk 23:38; Joh 12:16; Heb 11:4; Rev 10:11; Rev 22:16).
(c) Of a condition, law, sanction upon or under which something takes place (1Co 9:10; Heb 7:11; Heb 8:6, "under the sanction of" [a.t.]; Heb 9:17, "a testament is only valid the testator being dead" [a.t.]; Heb 10:28, "was put to death under two or three witnesses" [a.t. {cf. Deu 17:6; Deu 19:15}]).
(d) Of the ground, motive or cause of some action upon or at, i.e., on account of, because of (Mat 19:9; Luk 2:20; Luk 5:5; Act 3:16; Act 4:21; Act 26:6; 1Co 1:4; 1Co 8:11; 2Co 9:15). Followed by the dat. of person ep’ autoís, upon them (Act 21:24). With the relative pron. eph’ hṓ for epí toútō hóti, on this account that, because (Rom 5:12; 2Co 5:4; Php 4:10).
(e) Of the occasion upon, at, in connection with which something takes place; upon, at, over, after words of emotion such as joy, sorrow, compassion, astonishment (Mat 7:28, "they were astonished at his teaching" [a.t.]; Mat 14:14; Mat 18:13; Mat 22:33; Mar 3:5; Mar 6:34; Mar 10:22, Mar 10:24; Luk 1:14, Luk 1:29, Luk 1:47; Luk 5:9; Luk 9:43; Luk 15:7; Luk 19:41; Act 3:12; Act 8:2; Jas 5:1; Rev 11:10; Rev 18:9, Rev 18:11). Of the occasion of penitence and shame (Rom 6:21; 2Co 12:21).
(f) Of the object, purpose, end of any action, upon, unto, for (Gal 5:13; Php 3:12; 1Th 4:7; 2Ti 2:14). Also Act 15:14 [TR], where later editions omit epí; hence, eph’ hṓ (hṓ, the dat. neut. sing. of the relative pron. hós [G3739], which) for what, wherefore (Mat 26:50 [TR], for which others have eph’ hó).
(g) Of the norm or model upon or to which anything is adjusted or conformed, upon, after, according to (Luk 1:59; Sept.: Ezr 2:61; Neh 7:63). In 2Co 9:6; ep’ eulogías used as an adv. meaning bountifully or according to God's blessing or intervention (see eulogía [G2129], blessing).
The Douay bible says: Romans 5:12* Wherefore as by one man sin entered into this world and by sin death: and so death passed upon all men, in whom all have sinned.
That is very close to the Latin of the text and it teaches that sin the cause of death rather than death the cause of sin.
